By Pat Lawrence
October is Breast Cancer Awareness month. As women perform self-exams,
they may note differences in their breasts that aren’t cancer
but still cause concern. These are fluid filled, benign (non-cancerous)
lumps that change during the menstrual cycle. Fibrocystic breast syndrome,
or disease, is the general term referring to a variety of symptoms,
including breast lumpiness, breast tenderness, and a wide range of
benign breast conditions. It is most common in women between 30-50.
Breasts vary in texture from smooth to extremely lumpy. Female breast
tissues change in response to hormone levels, normal aging, nursing,
weight shifts, and injury. There are several types of breast tissue
and each may respond differently to changes in body chemistry. Symptoms
range from mildly annoying for some women to extremely painful in
others. The severity may vary from month to month. The cycle of breast
sensitivity, pain, and/or enlargement can also result from hormone
replacement therapies or other medications.
The cysts are fluid-filled sacs that usually feel soft and round
or oval. However, a deep cyst may feel hard as it pushes up against
firmer breast tissue. A cyst can cause pain, especially if it enlarges
before the menstrual cycle, as many do. Sometimes, one area of breast
tissue persistently feels thicker or more prominent than the rest
of the breast. The cause of such tissue is often unknown.
Every woman should practice breast self-exam once each month, checking
for lumps or irregularities. The best time is the week after a period.
Women who no longer menstruate should choose a date and conduct self-examination
on the same date every month. Instructions are available from health
care providers or the American Cancer Society.
Any newly discovered breast lump should be brought to the attention
of a physician. Depending on the doctor’s findings, tests, such
as mammography or breast ultrasound may be recommended. A cyst may
be definitively diagnosed by ultrasound.
If mammography and ultrasound cannot prove the lump is benign, breast
biopsy may be considered. With a biopsy, the pathologist examines
the cell structure of the tissue under a microscope to determine if
it is benign or cancerous. Most benign breast conditions don not increase
the risk for developing breast cancer.
There is no sure prevention for the various manifestations of fibrocystic
conditions. However, limiting caffeine - soda, coffee, non-herbal
teas, and, unfortunately, chocolate - can alleviate symptoms. Decreasing
salt intake before and during the period may also ease swelling and
discomfort. Vitamins A, B complex, and E and selenium supplements
have been reported helpful. Eliminating dairy products and low-fat
diets also seems to decrease soreness for some women.
Over the counter pain relievers, acetaminophen or ibuprofen, can
help. Medical treatment can include hormones or hormone blockers.
A well-fitted support bra worn day and night can minimize physical
movement and relieve discomfort.
No one suffers alone. Estimates vary, but between 40-90% of all women
have some evidence of fibrocystic condition, change, or disease.
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